![]() During the next half cycle, the transistor is reverse biased and is in OFF state. ![]() During the first half cycle of the transformer input, the emitter base junction of transistor is forward biased and collector base junction is reverse biased and the transistor is in ON state and diode D1 is in forward biased The current starts flow through the D1 and the red LED begins to glow.Let us start by connecting an NPN transistor to the circuit with the corresponding Emitter, Base, and Collector terminals and the switch on the circuit.Take a look at the circuit diagram given below. ![]() This circuit basically works on the basis of transistor switching action (Basic Transistor Theory). The principle behind this circuit is very simple.
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